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Skin Remodeling Copper Peptides
SRCPs activate the skin's anti-proteases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 - Simeon A, Emonard H, Hornebeck W, & Maquart FX,The tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu stimulates matrix metalloproteinases 2 expression by fibroblast cultures, Life Sci. 2000 Sep 22;67(18):2257-65.
Retinoic acid increases TGF-beta - McCormack MC, Nowak NC, & Koch RJ, The effect of copper tripeptide and tretinoin on growth factor production in a serum-free fibroblast model, Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2001;3(1): 28-32.
Copper Peptide Complexes are potent activators of metalloproteinases - Simeon A, Monier F, Emonard H, Gillery P, Birembaut P, Homebeck W, & Maquart FX, Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: Modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-cu2+, J. Invest. Dermat. 1999;112(6):957-964.
Maquart FX, Simeon A, Pasco S, & Monboisse JC, Regulation de l'activite cellulaire par la matrice extracelulaire: le concept de matrikines [Regulation of cell activity by the extracellular matrix: the concept of matrikines], J Soc Biol. 1999;193(4-5):423-8.
Simeon A, Monier F, Emonard H, Gillery P, Birembaut P, Homebeck W, & Maquart FX,Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: Modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-cu2+, J. Invest. Dermat. 1999;112(6): 957-964.
Abulghani AA, Shirin S, Morales-Tapia E, Sherr A, Solodkina G, Robertson M, & Gottlieb AB, Studies of the effects of topical vitamin C, a copper binding cream, and melatonin cream as compared with tretinoin on the ultrastructure of normal skin, J Invest Dermatol. 1998;110(4):686.
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A mixture of cholesterol, ceramides and free fatty acids was shown to accelerate repair of the skin's uppermost layer - Zterstein et al, 1997.
This may be the reason for the positive actions of emu oil on human skin - Zemtsov et al, 1996.
A study of emu oil found strong anti-inflammatory effects - Lopez et al, 1999.
Emu oil applied 2 days after injury aided the healing process - Politis & Dmytrowich, 1998.
Paffenbarger RS, Wing AL, & Hyde RT, ,Physical activity as an index of heart attack risk in college alumni, Am J Epidemiol. 1978;108(3):161-175.
David Coastal, The Runner , November 1984:41.
Shalita A, Weiss JS, Chalker DK, Ellis CN, Greenspan A, Katz HI, Kantor I, Millikan LE, Swinehart T, Swinyer L, Whitmore C, Baker M, & Czernielewski J, A comparison of the efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin gel 0.025% in the treatment of acne and vulgaris: A multicentre trial, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. March, 1996.
Nash GB & Meiselman HJ, Alteration of red blood cell membrane viscoelasticity by heat treatment: Effect on cell deformability and suspension viscosity. Biorheology 1985;22(1);73-84.
Lerche D & Baumler H, Moderate heat treatment of red blood cells (RBC) slow down the rate of RBC-RBC aggregation in plasma. Biorheology. 1084;21(3):393-403.
Saxen L, Holmberg PC, Nurminen M, & Kuosma E, Sauna and congenital defects, Teratology. 1982;25(3):309-313.
Brown-Woodman PD, Post EJ, Gass GC, & White IG, The effect of a single sauna exposure on spermatozoa, Arch Androl. 1984;12(1):9-15.
Dhermy D, Feo C, Garbarz M, Bournier O, Dommergues JP, Garcia J, Boivin P, & Tchernia G, Congenital hemolytic anemia with erythrocyte thermal instability and defect of spectrin tetrameric polymerization. Study of erythrocyte deformability in a new case of hereditary pyropoikilocytose using diffraction viscosimetry, Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 1983;25(1):7-16.
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Fuchs, 1998. Genetic modifications in mice that stimulate skin remodeling also increase hair follicle size.
Sato et al 2001, Nanba et al 2003, Oro et al 2003. Mill et al 2003.
Huelsken 2001, Van Mater et al 2003.
Traber MG, Podda M, Weber C, Thiele J, Rallis M, & Packer L, Diet-derived and topically applied tocotrienols accumulate in skin and protect the tissue against ultraviolet light-induced oxidative stress. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1997;6(1): 63-67.
Schwartz & Pashko, "Cancer prevention and DHEA", New York Academy of Sciences 1996:180-186.
Sourla A, Richard V, Labrie F, & Labrie C, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), CHUL Pavilion, Department of Medicine and Laval University, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
Zettersten EM, Ghadially R, Feingold KR, Crumrine D, & Elias PM, Optimal ratios of topical stratum corneum lipids improve barrier recovery in chronologically aged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37(3 Pt 1):403-8.
Kligman AM, Guidelines for the use of topical tretinoin (Retin-A) for photoaged skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21(3 Pt 2):650-4.
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Olsen EA, Katz HI, Levine N, Shupack J, Billys MM, Prawer S, Gold J, Stiler M, Lufrano L, & Thorne EG., Tretinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for photodamaged skin, J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26(2 Pt 1):215-24.
Olsen EA, Katz HI, Levine N, Nigra TP, Pochi PE, Savin RC, Shupack J, Weinstein GH, Lufrano L, & Perry BH, Tretinoin emollient cream for photodamaged skin: Results of 48-week, multicenter, double-blind studies, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1997;37(2 Pt 1):217-26.
Perricone NV & DiNardo JC, Photoprotective and antiinflammatory effects of topical glycolic acid, Dermatol Surg. 1996;22(5):435-437.
Pruijn FB, Schoonen WG, & Joenje H, Inactivation of mitochondrial metabolism by hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992;663:453-5.
Shalita A, Retin-A for wrinkles: daily use preferred, Skin Allergy News. 1990;21:1.
Weinstein GD, Nigra TP, Pochi PE, Savin RC, Allan A, Benik K Jeffes E, Lufrano L, & Thorne EG, Arch Dermatol. 1991;127(5):659-665.
Weiss JS, Ellis CN, Headington JT, Tincoff T, Hamilton TA, & Voorhees JJ, Topical tretinoin improves photoaged skin. A double-blind vehicle-controlled study, JAMA. 1988;259(4):527-32.
Simeon A, Monier F, Emonard H, Gillery P, Birembaut P, Hornebeck W, & Maquart FX, Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: Modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-cu2+, J Invest Dermat. 1999;112(6):957-64.
Olsen EA et al., 1992. Weinstein et al, Arch Dermatol 1991.
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Van Scott EJ & Yu RJ, Alpha hydroxy acids: procedures for its use in clinical practices, Cutis. 1989;43:222-228.
Stiller MJ, Bartolone J, Stern R, Smith S, Kollias N, Gillies R, & Drake LA, Topical 8% glycolic acid and 8% lactic acid creams for the treatment of photodamaged skin, Arch Dermatol. 1996;132(6):631-636.
Dial WF, Use of AHAs adds new dimensions to chemical peeling. Cosmetic Dermatology. 1990:32-34.
Maquart FX, Simeon A, Pasco S, & Monboisse JC, Regulation de l'activite cellulaire par la matrice extracelulaire: le concept de matrikines [Regulation of cell activity by the extracellular matrix: the concept of matrikines], J Soc Biol. 1999;193(4-5):423-8.
Simeon A, Monier F, Emonard H, Gillery P, Birembaut P, Homebeck W, & Maquart FX, Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: Modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-cu2+, J Invest Dermat. 1999;112(6): 957-964.
Simeon A, Emonard H, Hornebeck W, & Maquart FX, The tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu stimulates matrix metalloproteinases 2 expression by fibroblast cultures, Life Sci. 2000;67(18):2257-65.
McCormack M, Nowak KC, & Koch RJ, The effect of copper tripeptide and tretinoin on growth factor production in a serum-free fibroblast model, Arch Facial Plast Surg 2001; 3(1):28-32.
Hutchinson JJ, Prevalence of wound infection under occlusive dressings: A collective survey or reported research, Wounds. 1989;1:123-124.
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Dewan E., American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology, 1967.
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Drug and Cosmetic Industry, September 1997, pages 52-55 and December 1997, pages 40-44.
Garland CF, Garland FC, & Gorham ED, Could sunscreens increase melanoma risk?, Am J Public Health. 4 Apr 1992;82(4):614-15.
Dover JS & Arndt KA. Dermatology, JAMA. 1994;271(21):1662-63.
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Ainsleigh HG, Beneficial effects of sun exposure on cancer mortality, Preventive Medicine, 1993;22(1):132-40.
Garland CF, Garland FC & Gorham ED, Re: Effect of sunscreens on UV radiation-induced enhancement of melanoma growth in mice. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1994:86(10):798-800.
Moan J & Dahlback A, The relationship between skin cancers, solar radiation and ozone depletion. British Journal of Cancer. 1992;65(6):916-21.
Recent Articles:
Lens MB & Dawes M, Global perspectives of contemporary epidemiological trends of cutaneous malignant melanoma, Br J Dermatol. 2004;150(2):179-85.
Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B & Lichtensteiger W, In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens, Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001;109(3):239-244.
Giwercman A & Skakkebaek NE, The human testis--an organ at risk?, IInternational Journal of Andrology, 1992;15(5):373-5.
Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N, & Skakkebaek NE, Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years, British Medical Journal, 1992;305(6854):609-613.
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Holloway M, Dioxin Indictment. A growing body of research links the compound to cancer, Scientific American. 1994;270(1):25.
Kolata G, "PCB Exposure Linked to Birth Defects in Taiwan", New York Times. 2 Aug 1988:C3.
Janet Raloff, "The Gender Benders", Science News. 8 Jan 1994;145:24-27; Perinatal dioxin feminizes male rats, Science News. 30 May 1992;141:359; EcoCancers, Science News. 3 July 1993;144:10-13.
Sonnenschein C & Soto AM, An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1998;65(1-6):143-50.
Ross PS, Ellis GM, Ikonomou MG, Barrett-Lennard LG, & Addison RF, High PCB concentrations in free-ranging Pacific Killer Whales, Orcinus orca: Effects of age, sex and dietary preference, Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2000;40:504-515.
Garland CF, Garland FC, & Gorham ED, Could sunscreens increase melanoma risk?, Am J Public Health. 4 Apr 1992;82(4):614-15.
Ainsleigh HG, Beneficial effects of sun exposure on cancer mortality, Preventive Medicine, 1993;22(1):132-40.
Garland CF, Garland FC, & Gorham ED, Re:Effect of sunscreens on UV radiation-induced enhancement of melanoma growth in mice, J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86(10):798-800.
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Larsen HR, Sunscreens: Do they cause skin cancer, International Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine. 1994;12(12):17-19.
Farmer KC & Naylor MF, Sun exposure, sunscreens, and skin cancer prevention: A year-round concern, Ann Pharmacother. 1996; 30(6):662-73.
Garland CF, Garland FC, & Gorham ED, Could sunscreens increase melanoma risk?, Am J Public Health. 4 Apr 1992;82(4):614-15.
Dover JS & Arndt KA, Dermatology, Journal of the American Medical Association. 1 Jun 1994;271( 21):1662-63.
Fackelmann K, Melanoma madness: the scientific flap over sunscreens and skin cancer, Science News, 6 Jun 1998;153(23):360.
Stern RS & Laird N, The carcinogenic risk of treatments for severe psoriasis. Photochemotherapy follow-up study, Cancer. 1 Jun 1994;73(11):2759-64.
Maibach H, "NDELA-Percutaneous Penetration." FDA Contract 223-75-2340, May 19, 1978.
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Bronaugh RL, Congdon ER, & Scheuplein RJ, The effect of cosmetic vehicles on the penetration of N-nitrosodiethanolamine through excised human skin, J Invest Dermatol. 1981;76(2):94-96.
Podda M, Traber MG, Weber C, Yan LJ, & Packer L, UV-Irradication Depletes Antioxidants and Causes Oxidative Damage in a Model of Human Skin, Free Rad Biol Med. 1998;24(1):55-65.
Morganti P, Bruno C, Guarneriz F, Cardillo A, Del Ciotto P, & Valenzanoz F, Role of topical and nutritional supplement to modify the oxidative stress, Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24(6):331-9.
Gonzalez S, Wu A, Pathak MA, Sifakis M, & Goukassian DA. Oral adminstration of lutein modulates cell proliferation induced by acute UV-B radiation in the SHK-1 hairless mouse animal model (Abstract). The Society of Investigative Dermatology, 63rd Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, CA., 2002.
Granstein RD, Faulhaber D, & Ding W. Lutein inhibits UV-B radiation-induced tissue swelling and suppression of the induction of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in the mouse (Abstract), The Society of Investigative Dermatology, 62nd Annual Meeting, Washington D.C., 2001:497.
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Auguste Galopin in "The Perfume of Women and the Sense of Smell in Love"
Culter WB, Friedmann E, & McCoy NL, Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in men, Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1997;27(1):1-13.
Cohn BA, In search of human skin pheromones, Arch Dermatol. 1994;130(8):1048-51.
Singer AG, A chemistry of mammalian pheromones, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991; 39(4B):627-32.
Nicoli RM & Nicoli JM, Biochimie de l'Eros, Contracept Fertil Sex. 1995;23(2):137-44.
Sobel N, Prabhakaran V, Hartley CA, Desmond JE, Glover GH, Sullivan EV, & Gabrieli JD, Blind smell: brain activation induced by an undetected air-borne chemical, Brain. 1999;122( Pt 2):209-17.
Porter RH & Winberg J, Unique salience of maternal breast odors for newborn infants, Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1999;23(3):439-49.
Winberg J & Porter RH, Olfaction and human neonatal behavior: clinical implications, Acta Paediatr 1998;87(1):6-10.
Kohl JV & Franceour RT, The Scent of Eros (Continuum Publishing) 1995. This is a very excellent book for the general public on pheromones and behavior.
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Imperato-McGinley J, Guerrero L, Gautier T, & Peterson RE, Steroid 5alpha-reductase deficiency in man: an inherited from of male pseudohermaphroditism, Science. 1974; 186(4170):1213-5.
Ellis JA, Stebbing M, & Harrap SB, Genetic analysis of male pattern baldness and the 5-alpha-reductase genes, J Invest Dermatol. 1998;110(6):849-53.
Vitamin Shoppe Publication, Healthy Talk, July/August 1998.
Braeckman J, The Extract of Serenoa Repens in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Multicenter Open Study, Cur Ther Res. 1994;55:776-785.
Paubert-Braquet M, Richardson FO, Servent-Saez M, Gordon WC, Monge MC, Bazan NG, Authie D, & Braquet P, Effect of Serenoa repens extract (Permixon) on estradiol/testosterone-induced experimental prostate enlargement in the rat, Pharmacol Res. 1996;34(3-4):171-9.
Champault G, Patel JC, & Bonnard AM, A double-blind trial of an extract of the plant Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia, Br J Clin Pharmac. 1984;18(3):461-2.
Hartman RW, Mark M, & Soldati F, Inhibiton of 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase by PHL-00801 (Prostatonin), a combination of PY 102 (Pygeum africanum) and UR 102 (Urtica dioica) extracts, Phytomedicine. 1996;3:121-128.
James McBride Dabbs, "Heroes, Rogues, and Lovers: Testosterone and Behavior", McGraw Hill, 2000.
Hamilton JB & Mesler GE, Mortality and survival: comparison of eunuchs with intact men and women in a mentally retarded population, J Gerontology. 1996;24(4):395-411.
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Kessels AGH, Cardynaals RLLM, Borger RLL, Go MJTH, Lambers JCCA, Knottnerus JA, & Knipschild PG, University of Limburg, in Maastricht, The Netherlands in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1991;44(4-5):439-447.
Takashi Anzai of the Japan Red Cross, 1998.
Qian BC, Chen J, & Xu HJ, [Pharmacological Action of 101-B Hair Regeneration Extract On Skin and Hair In Experimental Animals], Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1994;14(4):227-229, 198.
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Lassus A & Eskelinen E, A comparative study of a new food supplement, ViviScal, with fish extract for the treatment of hereditary androgenic alopecia in young males, J Int Med Res. 1992;20(6):445-53.
James KC & Rushton DH, Evaluation technic in male pattern baldness, J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;14: 849-50.
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Rushton DH, Unger WP, Cotterill PC, Kingsley P, & James KC, Quantitative assessment of 2% topical minoxidil in the treatment of male pattern baldness. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1989;14(1):40-6.
Uno H, Cappas A, & Schlagel C, Cycle dynamics of hair follicles and the effects of minoxidil on the bald scalps of stumptailed macaques. Am J Dermatopathol. 1985;7(3):283-297.
Uno H, Cappas A, & Brigham P, Action of topical minoxidil in the bald stump-tailed macaque, J Am Acan Dermatol. 1987;16(3 Pt 2):657-68.
Uno H, Stumptailed macaques as a model of male-pattern baldness. In: Maibach HI, Lowe NJ, eds. Models in dermatology. Vol 3. Basel:Karger, 1987:159, 1987.
Uno H, Cappas A, & Brigham PA, Transformation of hair follicles and the therapeutic effect of minoxidil on the bald scalp of stumptailed macaques, J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:657-668.
Kurata S, Uno H, & Allen-Hoffmann BL, Effects of hypertrichotic agents on follicular and nonfollicular cells in vitro, Skin Pharmacol. 1996;(Suppl. 1):3-8.
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Trachy RE, Uno U, Packard S, & Patt L, Quantitative Assessment of Peptide-Copper Complex Induced Hair Follicle Stimulation Using Fuzzy Rat, Dermatological Research Techniques. CRC Press, 1996:227-239.
Will Brinks, Muscle Magazine International, May 1997:252.
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Bazzano GS, Terezakis N, & Galen W, Topical tretinoin for hair growth promotion, J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15(4 Pt 2):880-3, 890-3.
Zhai H, Poblete N, & Maibach HI, Sodium laulyl sulphate damaged skin in vivo in man: a water barrier repair model, Skin Research and Technology. 1998;4(1):24-7.
Zhai H, Poblete N, & Maibach HI, Stripped skin model to predict irritation potential of topical agents in vivo in humans, Int J Dermatol. 1998;37(5):386-9.
Zhai H, Leow YH, & Maibach HI, Human barrier recovery after acute acetone perturbation: and irritant dermatitis model, Clin Exp Dermatol. 1998;23(1):11-13.
Fuchs E., Beauty is skin deep: the fascinating biology of the epidermis and its appendages, Harvey Lect. 1998-1999;94:47-77.
Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV, Nakamura M, Huber O, Funa K, Lauster R, Paus R, & Gilchrest BA, Noggin is required for induction of the hair follicle growth phase in postnatal skin, FASEB J. 2001;15(12):2205-14.
Huelsken J, Vogel R, Erdmann B, Cotsarelis G, & Birchmeier W, beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin, Cell. 2001;105(4):533-45.
Stenn KS & Paus R, Controls of hair follicle cycling, Physiol Rev. 2001;81(1):449-494.
Sato N, Leopold PL, & Crystal RG, Effect of adenovirus-mediated expression of Sonic hedgehog gene on hair regrowth in mice with chemotherapy-induced alopecia, J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(24):1858-64.
Oro AE & Higgins K, Hair cycle regulation of Hedgehog signal reception, Dev Biol. 2003;255(2):238-48.
Mill P, Mo R, Fu H, Grachtchouk M, Kim PC, Dlugosz AA, & Hui CC., Sonic hedgehog-dependent activation of Gli2 is essential for embryonic hair follicle development.,Genes Dev. 2003;17(2):282-94.
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Nanba D, Nakanishi Y, & Hieda Y, Role of Sonic hedgehog signaling in epithelial and mesenchymal development of hair follicles in an organ culture of embryonic mouse, Dev Growth Differ. 2003;45(3):231-9.
Nanba D, Nakanishi Y, & Hieda Y, Establishment of cadherin-based intercellular junctions in the dermal papilla of the developing hair follicle, Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2003;270(2):97-102.
Van Mater D, Kolligs FT, Dlugosz AA, & Fearon ER, Transient activation of beta -catenin signaling in cutaneous keratinocyte is sufficient to trigger the active growth phase of the hair cycle in mice, Genes Dev. 15 May 2003;17(10):1219-24.
Perez-Meza et al, International Journal of Cosmetic Surgery. 1998;6:80-84.
Chen W, Zouboulis CC, & Orfanos CE, The 5 alpha-reductase system and its inhibitors. Recent development and its perspective in treating androgen-dependent skin disorders, Dermatology. 1996;193(3):177-84.
Sugimoto Y, Lopez-Solache I, Labrie F, & Luu-The V, Cations inhibit specifically type I 5 alpha-reductase found in human skin, J Invest Dermatol. May 1995;104(5):775-8.
Kevis references 1988-90 - La Medicina Estetica number 3, 1988, Editrice Salus Iternazionale Roma; La Medicina Estetica number 1, 1988, Editrice Salus Internazionale Roma; Les Nouvelles Dermatologiques 18-19 May. 1990, Marseille, France.
Lansdown AB, Interspecies variations in response to topical application of selected zinc compounds, Food Chem Toxicol, 1991;29(1):57-64.
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Smart RC & Oh HS, An estrogen receptor pathway regulates the telogen-anagen hair follicle transition and influences epidermal cell proliferation, Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(22):12525-30.
Elias JA, Stebbing M & Harrap SB, Genetic analysis of male pattern baldness and the 5-alpha reductase genes, J Invest Dermatol 1998;110(6):849-853.
Supplements for a Younger Internal Biochemistry
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Wise J, Morin R, Sanderson R, & Blum K, Changes In Plasma Carotenoid, Alpha-Tocopherol, And Lipid Peroxide Levels, Changes In Plasma Carotenoid, Alpha-Tocopherol, And Lipid Peroxide Levels In Response To Supplementation With Concentrated Fruit And Vegetable Extracts: A Pilot Study, Current Therapeutic. 1996;57.
Sing RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, Kumar R, Rastogi V, & Moshiri M, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infraction: the Indian experiment of infarct survival--4, Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1997;11(3):485-91.
Albert CM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, Ajani UA, Carey VJ, Willett WC, Ruskin JN, & Manson JE, Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death, JAMA. 1998;279(1):23-8.
Gogos CA, Ginopoulos P, Salsa B, Apostolidou E, Zoumbos NC, & Kalfarentzos F,Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids plus vitamin E restore immunodeficiency and prolong survival for severely ill patients with generalized malignancy: a randomized control trial, Cancer. 1998;82(2):395-402.
Tashiro T, Yamamori H, Takagi K, Hayashi N, Furukawa K, & Nakajima N, n-3 versus n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in critical illness, Nutrition. 1998;14(6):551-3.
Kato I, Akhmedkhanov A, Koenig K, Toniolo PG, Shore RE, & Riboli E, Prospective study of diet and female colorectal cancer: the New York University Women's Health Study, Nutr Cancer. 1997;28(3):276-81.
Simonsen N, van't Veer P, Strain JJ, Martin-Moreno JM, Huttunen JK, Navajas JF, Martin BC, Thamm M, Kardinaal AF, Kok FJ, & Kohlmeier L, Adipose tissue omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content and breast cancer in EURAMIC study. European Community Multicenter on Antioxidants, Myocardial Infarction, and Breast Cancer, Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(4):342-52.
Peet M, Murphy B, Shay J, & Horrobin D, Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients, Biol Psychiatry. 1998;43(5):315-9.
Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Ott A, Witterman JC, Hofman A, & Breteler MM, Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the Rotterdam Study, Ann Neurol. 1997;42(5):776-82.
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Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm E, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Hennekens CH, & Willett WC, Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women, N Engl J of Med. 1997; 337(21):1491-9.
Gillman MW, Cupples LA, Millen BE, Ellison RC, & Wolf PA, Inverse association of dietary fat with development of ischemic stroke in men, JAMA. 1997;278(24):2145-50.
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Traber MG, Podda M, Weber C, Thiele J, Rallis M, & Packer L, Diet-derived and topically applied tocotrienols accumulate in skin and protect the tissue against ultraviolet light-induced oxidative stress. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1997;6(1): 63-67.
Tomeo, 1995.
Kooyenga DK, Geller M, Watkins TR, Gapor A, Diakoumakis E, & Bierenbaum, Palm oil antioxidant effects in patients with hyperlipidemia and carotid stenosis-2-year experience, Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 1997;6(1):72-75.
Sourla A, Richard V, Labrie F, & Labrie C, Exclusive androgenic effect of dehyroepiandrosterone in sebaceous glands of rat skin, (Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), CHUL Pavilion, Department of Medicine and Laval University, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada), J Endocrinol. 2000;166(2):455-62.
Schwartz & Pashko, Mechanism of cancer preventive action of DHEA. Role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;774:180-186.
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Callens A, Vaillant L, Lecomte P, Berson M, Gall Y, & Lorette G, Does hormonal skin aging exist? A study of the influence of different hormone therapy regimens on the skin of postmenopausal women using non-invasive measurement techniques, Dermatology. 1996;193(4):289-94.
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Dollwet HH & Sorenson JR, Historic uses of copper compounds in medicine, Trace Elements in Medicine. 1985;2(2):80- 87.
do Carmo M das G, Instituto de Nutricion y Tecnologia de los Alimentos, Florianopolis, Brasil, Niveis sericos de zinco e cobre e atividade da superoxido dismutase eritrocitaria em pacientes alcoolatras (Serum levels of zinc and copper and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in alcoholic patients), Arch Latinoam Nutr. Mar 1988;38(1):81-92.
Faundez G & Figueroa G, Evaluation of antibacterial activities of copper surfaces against Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from foods, University of Chile, 2001.
Harris ED, Copper as a cofactor and regulator of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, J Nutr. 1992:122(3 Suppl):636-40.
Klevay LM & Christopherson DM, Society Of Experimental Biological Medicine Proceedings, 1999.
Abstract of First Paper Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 25 Nov 2003;100(24):14187-92.
Dietary Cu stabilizes brain superoxide dismutase 1 activity and reduces amyloid A{beta} production in APP23 transgenic mice.
Bayer TA, Schafer S, Simons A, Kemmling A, Kamer T, Tepests R, Eckert A, Schussel K, Eikenberg O, Sturchler-Pierrat C, Abramowski D, Staufenbiel M, Multhaup G. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, University of the Saarland Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
The Cu-binding beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the amyloid Abeta peptide have been proposed to play a role in physiological metal regulation. There is accumulating evidence of an unbalanced Cu homeostasis with a causative or diagnostic link to Alzheimer's disease. Whereas elevated Cu levels are observed in APP knockout mice, APP overexpression results in reduced Cu in transgenic mouse brain. Moreover, Cu induces a decrease in Abeta levels in APP-transfected cells in vitro. To investigate the influence of bioavailable Cu, transgenic APP23 mice received an oral treatment with Cu-supplemented sucrose-sweetened drinking water (1). Chronic APP overexpression per se reduced superoxide dismutase 1 activity in transgenic mouse brain, which could be restored to normal levels after Cu treatment (2). A significant increase of brain Cu indicated its bioavailability on Cu treatment in APP23 mice, whereas Cu levels remained unaffected in littermate controls (3). Cu treatment lowered endogenous CNS Abeta before a detectable reduction of amyloid plaques. Thus, APP23 mice reveal APP-induced alterations linked to Cu homeostasis, which can be reversed by addition of dietary Cu.
Abstract of Second Paper Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 25;100(24):14193-14198.
In vivo reduction of amyloid-{beta} by a mutant copper transporter.
Phinney AL, Drisaldi B, Schmidt SD, Lugowski S, Coronado V, Liang Y, Horne P, Yang J, Sekoulidis J, Coomaraswamy J, Chishti MA, Cox DW, Mathews PM, Nixon RA, Carlson GA, George-Hyslop PS, Westaway D. Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University Health Network, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H2.
Cu ions have been suggested to enhance the assembly and pathogenic potential of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide. To explore this relationship in vivo, toxic-milk (txJ) mice with a mutant ATPase7b transporter favoring elevated Cu levels were analyzed in combination with the transgenic (Tg) CRND8 amyloid precursor protein mice exhibiting robust Abeta deposition. Unexpectedly, TgCRND8 mice homozygous for the recessive txJ mutation examined at 6 months of age exhibited a reduced number of amyloid plaques and diminished plasma Abeta levels. In addition, homozygosity for txJ increased survival of young TgCRND8 mice and lowered endogenous CNS Abeta at times before detectable increases in Cu in the CNS. These data suggest that the beneficial effect of the txJ mutation on CNS Abeta burden may proceed by a previously undescribed mechanism, likely involving increased clearance of peripheral pools of Abeta peptide.
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Sorenson JR, Prog Med Chem. 1989;26:506-507.
Sorenson JR (ed.), Biology of Copper Complexes. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ. 1987.
Inutsuka S & Araki S, Plasma copper and zinc levels in patients with malignant tumors of digestive organs: clinical evaluation of the C1/Zn ratio, Cancer. 1978;42(2):626-31.
Willingham WM & Sorenson JR, Tr Elem Med. 1986;3:139-140.
Oberley LW & Buettner GR, Role of superoxide dismutase in cancer: a review, Cancer Res. 1979;39(4):1141-9.
DiSilvestro RA, Greenson JK, & Liao Z, Effects of low copper intake on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992;201(1):94-97.
Narayanan VS, Fitch CA, & Levenson CW, Tumor supressor protein p53 mRNA and subcellular localization are altered by changed in cellular copper in human Hep G2 cells (Dept of Nutrition, Florida State U, Tallahassee, FL), J Nutr. 2001;131(5):1427-32.
Sorenson JR, Copper complexes offer a physiological approach to treatment of chronic diseases, Prog Med Chem. 1989;26:437-568.
Klevay LM, Inman L, Johnson LK, Lawler M, Mahalko JR, Milne DB, Lukaski HC, Bolonchuck W, & Sandstead HH. Increased cholesterol in plasma in a young man during experimental copper depletion, Metabolism. 1984;33(12):1112-8.
Klevay LM, Dietary copper: a powerful determinant of cholesterolemia, Med Hypothesis. 1987;24(2):111-119.
Klevay LM, Lack of a recommended dietary allowance for copper may be hazardous to your health, Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 1998;17(4):322-6.
Trumbo P, Yates AA, Schlicker S, & Poos M, Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, Washington, D.C., J am Diet Assoc. 2001;101(3):294-301.
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Rock E, Mazur A, O'Connor JM, Bonham MP, Rayssiguier Y, & Strain JJ, The effect of copper supplementation on red blood cell oxidizability and plasma antioxidants in middle-aged healthy volunteers, Free Rad Biol and Med. 2000;28:324-329.
Turley E, McKeown A, Bonham MP, O'Connor JM, Chopra M, Harvey LJ, Majsak-Newman, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Bugel S, Sandstrom B, Rock E, Mazur A, Rayssiguier Y, & Strain JJ,Copper supplementation in humans does not affect the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to in vitro induced oxidation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2000;29:1129-1134.
Greene FL, Lamb LS, Barwick M, & Pappas NJ, J Surg Res. 1987;42(5):503-512.
Percival SS, Copper and immunity, Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(5 Suppl):1064S-1068S.
Failla ML & Hopkins RG, Is low copper status immunosuppressive?, Nutr Rev. 1998;56(1 Pt 1):S59-S64.
Bala S & Failla ML, Copper deficiency reversibly impairs DNA synthesis in activated T lymphocytes by limiting interleukin 2 activity, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89(15):6794-7.
Heresi et al, Phagocytosis and immunoglobulin levels in hypocupremic children, Nutrition Research. 1985;5:1327-1334.
Kelley DS, Daudu PA, Taylor PC, Mackey BE, & Turnlund JR, Effects of low-copper diets on human immune response, Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62(2):412-6.
Babu U & Failla ML, Copper status and function of neutrophils are reversibly depressed in marginally and severely copper-deficient rats, J Nutr. 1990;120(120):1700-9.
Bala S & Failla ML, Copper deficiency reversibly impairs DNA synthesis in activated T lymphocytes by limiting interleukin 2 activity, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1992;89(15):6794-7.
Babu U & Failla ML, Copper status and function of neutrophils are reversibly depressed in marginally and severely copper-deficient rats, J Nutr. 1990;120(120):1700-9.
Lewis AJ, The role of copper in inflammatory disorders, Agents Actions. 1984;15(5-6):513-519.
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Sorenson JR & Hangarter W, Treatment of rheumatoid and degenerative diseases with copper complexes: a review with emphasis on copper-salicylate, Inflammation. 1977;2(3):217-38.
Sorenson JR, Evaluation of copper complexes as potential anti-arthritic drugs, J Pharm Pharmacol. 1977;29(7):450-452.
Frieden E, Perspectives on copper biochemistry, Clin Physiol Biochem. 1986;4(1):11-19.
Sorenson JR & Kishore V, Tr Elem Med. 1984;1:93.
Sorenson JR, Copper complexes offer a physiological approach to treatment of chronic diseases, Prog Med Chem. 1989;26:437-568.
Dollwet HH & Sorenson JR, Tr Elem in Med. 1985;2:80.
Dollwet HH & Sorenson JR, Roles of copper in bone maintenance and healing, Biol Trace Elem Res. 1988;18:39-48.
Worthington V & Shambaugh P, Nutrition as an environmental factor in the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis, J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1993;16(3):169-173.
Danks DM, Copper Deficiency in Humans. In: "Biological Roles of Copper." CIBA Foundation Symposium-79. Exerpta Medica. Amsterdam, 1980:209.
Strause LG, Hegenauer J, Saltman P, Cone R, & Resnick D, Effects of long-term dietary manganese and copper deficiency on rat skeleton, J Nutr. 1986;116(1):135-41.
Conlan D, Korula R, & Tallentire D, Serum copper levels in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, Age Ageing. 1990;19(3):212-214.
Baker A, Harvey L, Majask-Newman G, Fairweather-Tait S, Flynn A, & Cashman K, Effect of dietary copper intakes on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy adult males, Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53(5):408-12.
Lonnerdal B, Copper nutrition during infancy and childhood, Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;67(5 Suppl):1046S-1053S.
Baker A, Harvey L, Majask-Newman G, Fairweather-Tait S, Flynn A, & Cashman K, Effect of dietary copper intakes on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy adult males, Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53(5):408-12.
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Ingredients
Ruperez P, Ahrazem O, & Leal JA, Potential antioxidant capacity of sulfated polysaccharides from the edible marine brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, J Agric Food Chem. Feb 2002;50(4):840–845.
Dal'Belo SE, Gaspar LR, & Maia Campos PM, Moisturizing effect of cosmetic formulations containing Aloe vera extract in differenct concentrations assessed by skin bioengineering techniques, Skin Res Technol. Nov 2006;12(4):241–6.
Reynolds T & Dweck AC, Aloe vera leaf gel: a review update, J Ethnopharmacol. Dec 1999;68(1-3):3–37.
Free-Radical Biology and Medicine. January 2000:261–5.
Choi SW, Son BW, Son YS, Park YI, Lee SK, & Chung MH, The wound-healing effect of a glycoprotein fraction isolated from aloe vera, Br J Dermatol. Oct 2001;145(4):535–45.
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Schnuch A, Geier J, Uter W, & Frosch PJ, Patch testing with preservatives, antimicrobials and industrial biocides. Results from a multicenter study. Br J Dermatol. Mar 1998:138(3):467–76.
Zemtsov et al, 1996. Lopez et al, 1999. Politis and Dmytrowich, 1998.
Fowler JF Jr, Efficacy of a skin-protective foam in the treatment of chronic hand dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat. Sep 2000;11(3):165–9.
Fluhr JW, Gloor M, Lehmann L, Lazzerini S, Distante F, & Berardesca E, Glycerol accelerates recovery of barrier function in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol. Nov 1999;79(6):418–21.
Photochemistry and Photobiology. May 2002:503–596.
Escedilrefogbrevelu, M, Seyhan, M, Gül, M, Parlakpinodotnar, H, Batçinodotogbrevelu, K, & Uyumlu, B, Potent therapeutic effect of melatonin on aging skin in pinealectomized rats. Journal of Pineal Research. 2005;39(3):231-237.
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
Abstract:
It is generally agreed that one of the major contributors to skin aging is reactive oxygen species. As organisms reach advanced age, free radical generation increases and the activity of tissue antioxidant enzyme system decreases. Melatonin is an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The present study was first aimed to determine the morphometric and biochemical changes caused by long-term pinealectomy in order to investigate the role of melatonin as skin architecture. Secondly, the effect of exogenous melatonin administration on these changes was determined. Rats were pinealectomized or sham operated (control) for 6 months. Half of the pinealectomized rats were treated with 4 mg/kg melatonin during the last month of the experiment. Pinealectomy resulted in important morphometric and biochemical changes in the back, abdominal and thoracic skin. The thickness of epidermis and dermis and the number of dermal papillae and hair follicles were reduced. Melatonin administration to pinealectomized rats significantly improved these alterations in all body areas (P < 0.005). On the contrary, in pinealectomized rats the levels of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased. Melatonin restored the levels of these enzymes. The pinealectomy-induced increases in lipid peroxidation in the abdominal and thoracic skin were significantly reduced by melatonin treatment (P < 0.005 and 0.01 respectively). These results suggest that melatonin is highly efficient anti-aging factor and, as melatonin levels decrease with age, melatonin treatment may reduce age-related skin changes.
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Bangha E, Elsner P, & Kistler GS, Suppression of UV-induced erythema by topical treatment with melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). Influence of the application time point. Dermatology. 1997;195(3):248-52.
Budiyanto A, Ahmed NU, Wu A, Bito T, Nikaido O, Osawa T, Ueda M, & Ichihashi M, Carcinogenesis. Nov 2000;21(11):2085–90.
Ichihashi M, Ahmed NU, Budiyanto A, Wu A, Bito T, Ueda M, & Osawa T, Preventive effect of antioxidant on ultraviolet-induced skin cancer in mice. J Dermatol Sci. Mar 2000;23 Suppl 1:S45–50.
Tsiapali E, Whaley S, Kalbfleisch J, Ensley HE, Browder IW, & Williams DL, Glucans exhibit weak antioxidant activity, but stimulate macrophage free radical activity. Free Radic Biol Med. Feb 2001;30(4):393–402.
Skin Therapy Letter. 1997;2(5).
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Sur P, Chaudhuri T, Vedasiromoni JR, Gomes A, & Ganguly DK, Antiinflammatory and antioxidant property of saponins of tea [Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze] root extract. Phytother Res. Mar 2001;15(2):174–6.
Rao AV & Gurfinkel DM, The bioactivity of saponins: triterpenoid and steroidal glycosides.
Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2000:17(1-4):211–35.
Packer L, Weber SU, & Rimbach G, Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling. J Nutr. Feb 2001;131(2):369S–73S.
Thiele JJ, Schroeter C, Hsieh SN, Podda M, & Packer L, The antioxidant network of the stratum corneum. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2001;29:26–42
Weber C, Podda M, Rallis M, Thiele JJ, Traber MG, & Packer L, Efficacy of topically applied tocopherols and tocotrientols in protection of murice skin from oxidative damage induced by UV-irradiation.
Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22(5):761–9.
Packer L, Weber SU, & Rimbach G, Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling. J Nutr. Feb 2001;131(2):369S–73S.
Steenvoorden DP & Beijersbergen van Henegouwen G, Protection against UV-induced systemic immunosuppression in mice by a single topical application of the antioxidant vitamins C and E. Int J Radiat Biol. June 1999;75(6):747–55.
Pointing to the significance of vitamin E for skin is an article in the Journal of Molecular Medicine (January 1995, p. 7–17), which states: “More than other tissues, the skin is exposed to numerous environmental chemical and physical agents such as ultraviolet light causing oxidative stress [free-radical damage]. In the skin this results in several short- and long-term adverse effects such as erythema [redness], edema [swelling], skin thickening, wrinkling, and an increased incidence of skin cancer…. Vitamin E is the major naturally occurring lipid-soluble … antioxidant protecting skin from the adverse effects of oxidative stress including photoaging [sun damage]. Many studies document that vitamin E occupies a central position as a highly efficient antioxidant, thereby providing possibilities to decrease the frequency and severity of pathological events in the skin.”
Biofactors. November 2005:179–185.
Fuller B, Smith D, Howerton A, & Kern D, Anti-inflammatory effects of CoQ10 and colorless carotenoids. J Cosmet Dermatol. Mar 2006;5(1):30–38.
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Darbre PD, Aljarrah A, Miller WR, Coldham NG, Sauer MJ, & Pope GS, Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours, J Appl Toxicol. 2004;24(1):5-13.
Harvey PW & Darbre P, Endocrine disrupters and human health: Could estrogenic chemicals in body care cosmetics adversely affect breast cancer incidence in women? A review of evidence and call for further research. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2004;24(3):167-176.
Parabens in deodorants and antiperspirants linked to breast cancer (NICNAS Search page)
Golden R, Gandy J, & Vollmer G, A Review of the Endocrine Activity of Parabens and Implications for Potential Risks to Human Health. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 2005;35(5):435-458.
The American Cancer Society Antiperspirants and Breast Cancer Risk
Byford JR, Shaw LE, Drew MG, Pope GS, Sauer MJ, & Darbre PD, Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002;80(1):49-60.
http://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/newsletter/18725064.html?index=18
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von Woedtke T, Schluter B, Pflegel P, Lindequist U, Julich WD, Aspects of the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract and its relation to preservative substances contained. Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany. Pharmazie. 1999;54(6):452-6.
Cosmetics & Toiletries. January 2005:22.
Routledge EJ, Parker J, Odum J, Ashby J, & Sumpter JP, Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Nov 1998;153(1):12-9.
Golden R, Gandy J, & Vollmer G, A review of the endocrine activity of parabens and implications for potential risks to human health. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2005;35(5):435-58.
Bodinet C &Freudenstein J, Influence of marketed herbal menopause preparations on MCF-7 cell proliferation. Menopause. May–June 2004;11(3):281–9.
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Appa Y (Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA), Stephens T (TJ Stephens & Associates, Inc, Dallas, TX), Barkovic S (Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA), Finkley MB, A Clinical Evaluation of a Copper-Peptide Containing Liquid Foundation and Cream Concealer Designed for Improving Skin Condition, Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA.
Leyden JJ (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), Appa Y (Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA), Grove G (KGL, Inc/Skin Study Center, Broomall, PA), Barkovic S, The Effect of Tripeptide to Copper Ratio in Two Copper Peptide Creams on Photoaged Facial Skin, Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA.
Leyden JJ (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), Stephens T (Thomas J Stephens & Associates, Inc, Dallas, TX), Finkley MB, Barkovic S (Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA), Skin Care Benefits of Copper Peptide Containing Facial Cream, Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA.
Leyden JJ (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA), Stephens T (Thomas J Stephens & Associates, Inc, Dallas, TX), Finkey MB, Barkovic S (Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA), Skin Care Benefits of Copper Peptide Containing Eye Creams, Neutrogena Corporation, Los Angeles, CA..
Thierry Oddos, PhD, Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Val de Reuil, France; Aurelie Jumeau-Lafond, Requirement of Copper and Tripeptide Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine (GHK) Complex Formation for Collagen Synthesis Activity in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Val de Reuil, France; Gerd Ries, PhD; Johnson & Johnson, Dusseldorf, Germany
Pickart US Patent 4,760,051 Compositions containing glycyl-1-histidyl-1-lysine copper(II) enhance the wound healing process without evoking an antigenic response.
Pickart Iamin: A Human Growth Factor with Multiple Wound Healing Properties. in Biology of Copper Complexes, Clifton, NJ, 1987:273-285.
Perez-Meza D, Leavitt M, & Trachy R, Clinical evaluation of GraftCyte moist dressings on hair graft viability and quality of healing. International Journal of Cosmetic Surgery, 1998;6(1):80-4.
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Pickart L, Downey D, Lovejoy S, & Weinstein B, Gly-l-his-l-lys copper(II) - A human growth factor with superoxide dismutase-like and wound healing activities (University of Washington) In: Superoxide and Superoxide Dismutase, (Elsevier, 1986):555-558.
Pickart L, Iamin: A human growth factor with multiple wound healing properties. Biology of Copper Complexes, (Plenum Press, 1987):273-282.
Pickart L & Lovejoy S, Biological activity of human plasma copper-binding growth factor glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, Methods Enzymol. 1987;147:314-28.
Counts D, Hill E, Turner-Beatty M, Grotewiel M, Fosha-Thomas S, & Pickart L, Effect of lamin on full thickness wound healing, Fed Am Soc Exp Biol. 1992: A1636.
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Swaim SF, Vaughn DM, Kincaid SA, Morrison NE, Murray SS, Woodhead MA, Hoffman C.E, Wright JC, & Kammerman JR, Effect of locally injected medications on healing of pad wounds in dogs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA, Am J Vet Res. 1996;57:394-9.
Swaim SF, Bradley DM, Spano JS, McGuire JA, & Hoffman, Evaluation of multipeptide copper complex medications on open wound healing in dogs, (College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, USA), J Amer Ani Hos Assoc. 1993;29:519-525.
Aupaix F, Maquart FX, Salagnac L, Pickart L, Gillery P, Borel JP, & Kalis B, Effects of the tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copper(II) on healing. Clinical and biochemical correlations. Invest Derm. 1990;94:390.
Fish S, Katz I, Hien NR, Briden ME, Johnson JA, & Patt L, Evaluation of glycyl-1-histidyl-1-lysine copper complex in acute wound healing. Wounds. 1991;3:171-177.
Ehrlich HP, Stimulation of skin healing in immunosuppressed rats, (Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA) Presented at Symposium on collagen and skin repair Reims, France Sept. 12-13 1991.
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Massey P, Patt L, & D'Aoust JC, The effects of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copper chelate on the healing of diabetic ulcers. Wounds. 1992;4:21-28.
Mulder GD, Patt LM, Sanders L, Rosenstock J, Altman MI, Hanley ME, & Duncan GW, Enhanced healing of ulcers in patients with diabetes by topical treatment of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine, Wound Rep Reg. 1994;2:259-69.
Schmidt, Resser, Sims, Mullins and Smith, The combined effects of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copper (II) on the healing of linear incision wounds, (University of Akron, Ohio, USA), Wounds. 1994;6:62-67.
Buffoni F, Pino R, & Dal Pozzo A, Effect of tripeptide-copper complexes on the process of skin wound healing and on cultured fibroblasts, (Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy), Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1995;330(3):345-60.
Pickart US Patent 5,382,431 Tissue protective and regenerative compositions.
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Zhai H, Chang YC, Singh M, & Maibach HI, In vivo nickel contact dermatitis: human model for topical therapeutics, (University of California, San Francisco, USA) Contact Dermatitis. 1999;40(4):205-208.
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Zhai H, Leow YH, & Maibach HI, Human barrier recovery after acute acetone perturbation: an irritant dermatitis model, (University of California, San Francisco, USA), Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1998;23(1):11-13.
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Canapp SO Jr, Farese JP, Schultz GS, Gowda S, Ishak AM, Swaim SF, Vangilder J, Lee-Ambrose L, & Martin FG, The effect of topical tripeptide-copper complex on healing of ischemic open wounds. Vet Surg. 2003;32(6):515-23.
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Pickart US Patent 4,665,054 New glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper derivatives of improved resistance to proteolytic enzymes and better fat solubility for use in inhibiting thromboxane production and enhancing wound healing.
Pickart US Patent 4,760,051 Compositions containing glycyl-1-histidyl-1-lysine copper(II) enhance the wound healing process without evoking an antigenic response.
Pickart US Patent 4,810,693 Copper glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexes enhance the healing of wounds and sores.
Pickart US Patent 4,877,770 New glycyl-histidyl-lysine ester copper complex compounds with anti-inflammatory and superoxide dismutase activity useful for enhancing wound healing.
Pickart US Patent 4,937,230 Method for healing wounds in horses using a copper complex of Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-lysine or derivatives on the affected area.
Pickart US Patent 5,164,367 Compositions for accelerating wound healing in mammals containing cupric salt or complexes with amino acid or peptide.
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Ahmed MR, Basha SH, Gopinath D,Muthusamy J, & Jayakumar RJ, Initial upregulation of growth factors and inflammatory mediators during nerve regeneration in the presence of cell adhesive peptide-incorporated collagen tubes, J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2005; 10(1):17-30.
Graham MF, Diegelmann RF, & Cohen IK, An in vitro model of fibroplasia - Simultaneous quantification of fibroblast proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis, (Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA), Proc Soc Exp Bio Med. 1984;176(3):302-308.
Maquart FX, Pickart L, Laurent M, Gillery P, Monboisse JC, & Borel JP, Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+, (Laboratoire de Biochimie, CNRS URA 84, Faculte de Medecine, Reims, France), FEBS Lett. 1988;238(2):343-6.
Oddos T, Jumeau-Lafond A (Johnson & Johnson, Val de Reuil, France), Ries G, Requirement of Copper and Tripeptide Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Complex Formation for Collagen Synthesis Activity in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts, (Johnson & Johnson, Dusseldorf, Germany), Abstract P72, American Academy of Dermatology Meeting, February 2002.
Wegrowski Y, Maquart FX, & Borel JP, Stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by the tripeptide copper complex glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine copper(II), (University de Reims, France), Life Sci. 1992;51(13):1049-1056.
Simeon A, Wegrowski Y, Bontemps Y, & Maquart FX, Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in wounds: Modulation by the tripeptide copper complex glycyl-histidyl-lysine Cu(II), J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(6):962-968.
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Maquart FX, Bellon G, Chaqour B, Wegrowski Y, Monboisse JC, Chastang F, Birembaut P, & Gillery P, In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide- copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds (Universite de Reims, France), J Clin Invest. 1993;92(5):2368-76.
Simeon A, Monier F, Emonard H, Gillery P, Birembaut P, Hornebeck W, & Maquart FX, Expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in wounds: modulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine- Cu2+, (Faculte de Medecine, Reims, France), J Invest Dermatol 1999;112(6):957-64.
Simeon A, Emonard H, Hornebeck W, & Maquart FX, The tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu stimulates matrix metalloproteinases 2 expression by fibroblast cultures, (Laboratoire de Biochimie-UPRESA CNRS 6021, Faculte de Medecine, Reims, France), Life Sci. 22 Sep 2000;67(18):2257-65.
Canapp SO Jr, Farese JP, Schultz GS, Gowda S, Ishak A.M, Swaim SF, Vangilder J, Lee-Ambrose L, & Martin FG, The effect of topical tripeptide-copper complex on healing of ischemic open wounds, Vet Surg. 2003;32(6):515-23.
Garcia-Sainz JA & Olivares-Reyes JA, Glycyl-histidyl-lysine interacts with the angiotensin II AT1 receptor.Departamento de Bioenergetica, (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D. F.), Peptides. 1995;16(7):1203-7.
Maquart FX, Simeon A, Pasco S, & Monboisse JC, Regulation de l'activite cellulaire par la matrice extracelulaire: le concept de matrikines, J Soc Biol. 1999;193(4-5):423-8.
McCormack MC, Nowak KC, & Koch RJ, The effect of copper tripeptide and tretinoin on growth factor production in a serum-free fibroblast model, J Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2001;3:28-32.
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Pilgeram LO, Pickart L, & Bandi Z, Fatty acid control of fibrinogen turnover in aging and atherosclerosis, 7th International Congress of Gerontology, June 1964:451-460.
Pickart L & Pilgeram LO, The role of thrombin in fibrinogen biosynthesis, Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 31 May 1967;17(3-4):358-64.
Pilgeram LO & Pickart L, Control of fibrinogen biosynthesis: the role of free fatty acid, J Atheroscler Res. 1968;8:155-66.
Pickart L & Thaler MM, Suppression of tumor-associated hyperfibrinogenemia and free fatty acidemia with p-phenoxybenzalbutyrate (clofibrate), Cancer Res. 1979;39(10):3845-8.
Pickart L, Fat metabolism, the fibrinogen/fibrinolytic system and blood flow: new potentials for the pharmacological treatment of coronary heart disease, Pharmacology 1981;23(5):271-80.
Pickart L, Suppression of acute-phase synthesis of fibrinogen by a hypolipidemic drug (clofibrate), Int J Tissue React, 1981;3(2):65-72.
Pickart L& Thaler MM, Fatty acids, fibrinogen and blood flow: a general mechanism for hyperfibrinogenemia and its pathologic consequences, Med Hypotheses. 1980;6(5):545-57.
Pickart L & Thaler MM, Free fatty acids and albumin as mediators of thrombin-stimulated fibrinogen synthesis, Am J Physiol. 1976;230(4):996-1002.
Pickart Ph.D., A tripeptide in human plasma that increases the survival of hepatocytes and the growth of hepatoma cells. Thesis in Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1973.
Thaler MM & Pickart L, Metabolic and growth promoting properties of serum tripeptide and its synthetic analog, In: Gene Expression and Carcinogenesis in Cultured Liver. (Academic Press, 1975):292-310.
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Schlesinger DH, Pickart L, & Thaler MM, Related Articles, Protein Growth-modulating serum tripeptide is glycyl-histidyl-lysine, Experientia. 15 Mar 1977;33(3):324-5.
Pickart L & Lovejoy S, Biological activity of human plasma copper-binding growth factor glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, Methods Enzymol. 1987;147:314-28.
Zhai H, Chang YC, Singh M, & Maibach HI, In vivo nickel contact dermatitis: human model for topical therapeutics, Contact Dermatitis. 1999;40(4):205-208.
Pickart US Patent 5,118,665 New anti oxidative and anti-inflammatory metal peptide complexes - containing glycine, histidine and lysine residues used to enhance or restore resistance to oxidative or inflammatory damage.
Miller DM, DeSilva D, Pickart L, & Aust SD, Effects of glycyl-histidyl-lysyl chelated Cu(II) on ferritin dependent lipid peroxidation. Aust. Pickart and Aust (Biotechnology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA) Adv. Exp Med Biol 1990;264:79-84.
Coterie N, Tremolieres E, Berliner JCL, Cattier JP, & Henichart JP, Redox chemistry of complexes of nickel) with some biologically important peptides in the presence of reduced oxygen species, (INSERM, Ill, France), J Internat BioPharm. 1992;46(1):7-15.
Vinci C, Caltabiano V, Santoro AM, Rabuazzo AM, Buscema M, Purrello R, Rizzarelli E, Vigneri R, & Purrello F, Copper addition prevents the inhibitory effects of interleukin 1-beta on rat pancreatic islets, (University of Catania Medical Endocrinology, University of Catania Medical School, Italy), Diabetologia. 1995;38(1):39-45.
Multhaup G, Schlicksupp A, Hesse L, Beher D, Ruppert D, Masters CL, & Beyreuther K, The amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease in the reduction of copper(II) to copper(I), (ZMBH-Center for Molecular Biology University of Heidelberg, Germany), Science. 8 Mar 1996;271(5254):1406-9.
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Arul V, Gopinath D, Gomathi K, & Jayakumar R, Biotinylated GHK peptide incorporated collagenous matrix: A novel biomaterial for dermal wound healing in rats, Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005;73(2):383-91.
Thomas CE, The influence of medium components on Cu(2+) dependent oxidation of low- density lipoproteins and its sensitivity to superoxide dismutase, (Marion Merle Dow Research Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA), Biochem Biophys Acta. 1992;1128(1):50-7.
Garcia-Sainz JA & Olivares-Reyes JA, Glycyl-histidyl-lysine interacts with the angiotensin II AT1 receptor, (Departamento de Bioenergetica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D. F.), Peptides. 1995;16(7):1203-7.
Unpublished studies. Savage, Pickart, et al, Hope Heart Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Unpublished studies. Savage, Pickart, et al, Hope Heart Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Levine DD, Patt L, & Koren G, An open study of PC1020 (GHK-Cu) rectal solution in treatment of distal inflammatory bowel disease, (University of Washington), World Congress of Dermatology, October 1994, Further details presented at 25th Annual Meeting of DDW, Levine DD, Patt L, Koren G, & Joslin (University of Washington) May 1995.
Pickart US Patent 4,767,753 Copper complexes of histidyl-lysine polypeptide(s) for reducing stomach secretions, increasing stomach mucous and preventing ulcers.
US Patent 5,023,237 Use of polypeptide or its copper complex for cytoprotection in treatment of intestinal and stomach ulcers, and to facilitate wound healing.
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US Patent 5,145,838 Methods and compositions for healing ulcers and peptide derivatives.
Pickart L & Thaler M, Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver, Nature New Biol.1973;243:85-7.
Smakhtin MY, Sever’yanova LA, Konoplya AI, & Shveinov IA, Tripeptide Gly-His-Lys is a hepatotropic and immunosuppressor, Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002;133(6):586-8.
Smakhtin MI, Konoplia AI, Sever’ianova LA, & Sheveinov IA, [Pharmacological correction of immuno-metabolic disorders with the peptide Gly-His-Lys in hepatic damage induced by tetrachloromethane], Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 2003;(2):19-21.
Pickart L US Patent 5,059,588 New and known copper peptide complexes for bone healing containing glycyl-histidyl-lysine and lysyl-histidyl-glycine.
Godet D & Marie PJ, Effects of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex on osteoblastic cell spreading, attachment and phenotype, (INSERM, Cell and Molecular Biology of Bone and Cartilage, Lariboisiere Hospital, Paris, France), Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1995;41(8):1081-91.
Pesakova V, Novotna J, & Adam M, Effect of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine on the proliferation and synthetic activity of chick embryo chondrocytes, (Institute of Rheumatology, Postgraduate Medical School, Czech Republic), Biomaterials. 1995;16(12):911-5.
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Pohunkova H, Stehlik J, Vachal J, Cech O, & Adam M, Morphological features of bone healing under the effect of collagen-graft-glycosaminoglycan copolymer supplemented with the tripeptide Gly-His-Lys, (Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic), Biomaterials. 1996;17(16):1567-74.
Endo T, Miyagi M, & Ujie A, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Simultaneous determination of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine and its metabolite, L-histidyl-L-lysine, in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization, J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;692(1):37-42.
Dalpozzo A, Kanai K, Kereszturi G, & Calabrese G, H-Gly-His psi (NHCO)Lys-OH, partially modified retro-inverso analogue of the growth factor glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine with enhanced enzymatic stability, Int J Pept Protein Res. 1993;41(6):561-6.
Conato C, Gaviolo R, Guerrini R, Kozlowski H, Mlynarz P, Pasti C, Pulidori F, & Remelli M, Copper complexes of glycyl-histidyl-lysine and two of its synthetic analogs: chemical behavior and biological activity, Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001;1526(2): 199-210.
Pickart US Patent 5,382,431 Tissue protective and regenerative compositions.
US Patent 5,554,375 Tissue protective and regenerative compositions.
US Patent 5,698,184 Compositions and methods for skin tanning and protection.
US Patent 5,888,522 Tissue protective and regenerative compositions.
Methods of controlling proliferation and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells, United States Patent: 6,962,698, Peled, Tony, Fibach, Eitan, Treves, Avi, Gamida Cell Ltd. (Jerusalem, IL) and Hadasit Medical Research Services and Development, Ltd. (Jerusalem, IL)
Pickart Ph.D., A tripeptide in human plasma that increases the survival of hepatocytes and the growth of hepatoma cells, Thesis in Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1973.
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Pickart L & Thaler MM, Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver, (University of California, San Francisco, USA), Nature New Biol. 1973;243(124):85-7.
Schlesinger DM, Pickart L, & Thaler MM, Growth modulating serum tripeptide is glycyl-histidyl-lysine, (Harvard University), Experientia. 1977;33(3):324-5.
Pickart L, Thaler MM, & Millard M, Effect of transition metals on recovery from plasma of the growth- modulating tripeptide glycylhistidyllysine, (University of California, San Francisco, USA, US Dept. Agriculture Lab, Albany, CA, USA), J Chromatogr. 1979;175(1):65-73.
Pickart L & Thaler MM, Growth modulating human plasma tripeptide: Relationship between molecular structure and DNA synthesis in hepatoma cells, FEBS Lett. 1979;104(1):119-22.
Pickart L , Freedman JH, Loker WJ, Peisach J, Perkins CM, Stenkamp RE, & Weinstein B, Growth modulating plasma tripeptide may function by facilitating copper uptake into cells, Nature. 1980;288(5792):715-7.
Pickart L, The use of glycylhistidyllysine in culture systems, In Vitro. 1981;17(6):459-66.
Lau SJ & Sarkar B, The interaction of copper(II) and glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a growth- modulating tripeptide from plasma, Biochem J. 1981;199(3):649-56.
Pickart L, Peptide and protein complexes of transition metals as modulators of cell growth, Chemistry and Biochemistry of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. (Marcel Dekker Pub, 1982):75-104.
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Laussac JP, Haran R, & Sarkar B, N.M.R. and E.P.R. investigation of the interaction of copper(II) and glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, a growth-modulating tripeptide from plasma, Biochem J. 1983;209(2):533-9.
Kwa E, Bor-Sheng L, Rose N, Weinstein B, & Pickart L, PMR studies of Cu(II) and Zn(II) interaction with glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine and related peptides, Peptides. 1983;8:805-808.
Freedman JH, Pickart L, Weinstein B, Mims WB, & Peisach J, Structure of the glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II) complex in solution, (Albert Einstein Medical School, New York, USA), Biochemistry. 1982;21(19):4540-4.
Perkins CM, Rose NJ, Weinstein B, Stenkamp RE, Jensen LH, & Pickart L,The structure of a copper complex of the growth factor glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine at 1.1 angstrom resolution, Inorg Chem Acta. 1984;82:93-99.
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Johnson DK, Murphy TB, Rose NJ, Goodwin WH, & Pickart L, Cytotoxic chelators and chelates inhibition of DNA synthesis in cultured rodent and human cells by aroylhydrazone analogs of the gly-l-his-l-lys copper(II) complex, Inorg Chem Acta. 1982;67:159-165.
Pickart L, Goodwin WH, Burgua W, Murphy TB, & Johnson DK, Inhibition of the growth of cultured cells and an implanted fibrosarcoma by aroylhydrazone analogs of the Gly-His-Lys-Cu(II) complex, Biochem Pharmacol. 1983;32(24):3868-71.
Pickart L, The biological effects and mechanism of action of the plasma tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine, Lymphokines. 1983;8:425-446.
Antholine WE, Lyman S, Petering DH, & Pickart L, Formation of adducts between cupric complexes of known antitumor agents and ehrlich ascites cells, (University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, USA), Biological and Inorganic Copper Chemistry. (Adenine Press, 1985):125-137.
Laussac JP, Pasdeloup M, & Hadjiliadis N, NMR studies on binary and ternary Pd(II) complexes formed by the growth modulating tripeptide glycylhistidyllysine and nucleotides, J Inorg Biochem. 1987;30:227-38.
Endo T, Miyagi M, & Ujiie A, Simultaneous determination of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine and its metabolite, L-histidyl-L-lysine, in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization, (Pharmacological Laboratories, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Minamiazumi, Nagano, Japan), J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;692(1):37-42.
Hartter DE & Barnea A, Brain tissue accumulates 67copper by two ligand dependent saturable processes. A high affinity, low capacity and a low affinity, high capacity process, (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, USA), J Biol Chem. 1988;263(2):799-805.
Pickart US Patent 5,120,831 New metal peptide complexes and derivatives used for stimulating growth of hair in warm-blooded animals, especially humans.
Pickart US Patent 5,177,061 Compositions for stimulating hair growth containing cupric complexes of peptide derivatives including. glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine n-octyl ester.
Pickart US Patent 5,214,032 New glycyl-histidyl-lysyl copper compounds used in stimulating hair growth.
Pickart US 5,550,183 Metal-peptide compositions and methods for stimulating hair growth.
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Trachy RE, Fors TD, Pickart L, & Uno H, The hair follicle stimulating properties of peptide copper complexes. Results in C3H mice, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;642:468-9
Uno H & Kurata S, Chemical agents and peptides affect hair growth, (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA), J Invest Dermatol. 1993;101(1 Suppl):143S-147S.
Awa T & Nogimori K, Hairloss protection by peptide-copper complex in animal models of chemotherapy-induced alopecia, Journal Of Dermatological Science. 1995;10:99-104.
Trachy RE, Patt L, Duncan G, & Kalis B, Phototrichogram Analysis of Hair Follicle Stimulation: A pilot clinical study with a peptide-copper complex, (University of Reims, France), Dermatological Research Techniques. (CRC Press, 1996):217-226.
Trachy RE, Uno U, Packard S, & Patt L, Quantitative Assessment of Peptide-Copper Complex Induced Hair Follicle Stimulation Using the Fuzzy Rat, (University of Wisconsin), Dermatological Research Techniques. (CRC Press, 1996):227-239.
Timpe, Dumwiddie, Patt, Evaluation of Telogen Hair Follicle Stimulation Using an In Vivo Model: Results with Peptide Copper Complexes, (Procyte Corp.), Dermatological Research Techniques. (CRC Press, 1996):241-254.
Procyte Corp. press release 1997.
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Pickart US Patent 5,554,375 Tissue protective and regenerative compositions.
Pickart L, Effect of copper peptides on hair growth and condition, Body Language Dermatology. 2004;7:20-22.
Pickart L, Skin remodeling copper peptides for improving hair growth, Cosmetics & Medicine (Russia). 2004;3:14-29.
Endo T, Miyagi M, & Ujiie A, Simultaneous determination of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine and its metabolite, L-histidyl-L-lysine, in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization, (Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Minamiazumi, Nagano, Japan), J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;692(1):37-42.
Maquart et al 1999, Simeon et al 1999, Simeon et al 2000.
Zhai H, Leow YH, & Maibach HI, Sodium lauryl sulfate damaged skin in vivo in man: a water barrier repair model", Skin Research and Technology, 1998;4:24-27. Skin Biology's product markedly accelerated the repair of skin damaged by the application of an irritating detergent.
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Zhai H, Poblete N, & Maibach HI, Stripped skin model to predict irritation potential of topical agents in vivo in man, International Journal of Dermatology. 1998;37:386-389. Skin Biology product increased skin repair after skin removal by repeated tape-stripping.
Zhai H, Leow YH, & Maibach HI, Human barrier recovery after acute acetone perturbation: an irritant dermatitis model, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1998;23:11-13. Skin was damaged by a fat removing agent, acetone, then treated with a Skin Biology product which rapidly rebuilt the damaged skin.
Zhai H, Chang YC, Singh M, & Maibach HI, An in vivo nickel allergy contact dermatitis human model for topical therapeutics, Presented in February 1998 at the American Academy of Dermatology Meeting. Skin was damaged by the application of nickel salts to persons with nickel allergy. The Skin Biology product increased skin repair and reduced skin irritation.
Zhai H, Leow YH, & Maibach HI, Human barrier recovery after acute acetone perturbation: An Irritant Dermatitis Model, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1998;23:11-13.
Stern RS & Laid N, The carcinogenic risk of treatments for severe psoriasis. Cancer. 1994;73(11):2759-64.
Hawaii Dermatology Seminar, 1997.
Skin and Allergy News, April 1997, Hawaii Dermatology Seminar, 1997.
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Cosmetic Industry
The Cosmetic Counter, March 1999.
Zhai H, Chang YC, Singh M, & Maibach HI, In vivo nickel contact dermatitis: human model for topical therapeutics, Contact Dermatitis. 1999;40:205-208.
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Identification of Polar Volatile Organic Compounds in Consumer Products and Common Microenvironments, 1991. Reference: Lance Wallace, EPA.
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Politis MJ & Dmytrowich A, Promotion of second intention wound healing by Emu Oil lotion: comparative results with furasin, polysporin, and cortisone, Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102(7):2404-7.
Zemtsov A, Gaddis M, & Montalvo-Lugo VM, Moisturizing and cosmetic properties of Emu Oil: a pilot double blind study, Australas J Dermatol 1996 Aug;37(3):159-61.
Masuda A Akiyama S, Kuwano M, & Ikekawa N, Potentiation of Anti-fungal Effect of Amphotericin B by Squalene, An Intermediate For Sterol Biosynthesis. J Antibiot. 1982;35(2): 230-234.
Storm HM, Oh SY Kimler BF, & Norton S, Radioprotection of mice by dietary Squalene, Lipids. 1993;28(6):555-559.
Verschoore M, Bouclier M, Czernielewski J, & Hensby C, Topical retinoids: Their uses in dermatology, Dermatologic Clinics. 1993;11(1):107-115.
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Fleischer AB Jr, Clark AR, Rapp SR, Reboussin DM, & Feldman SR, Commercial tanning bed treatment is an effective psoriasis treatment. J Invest Derm. 1997;109(2):170-174.
Kolbach DN & Nieboer C, Fumaric acid therapy in psoriasis: Results and side effects of 2 years of treatment, J Am Acad Dermatol.1992;27(5 Pt 1):769-71.
Kragballe K & Iversen L, Calcipotriol: A new topical antipsoriatic. Dermatol Clin. 1993;11(1):137-41.
Rodgers S, Measurement of plaque thickness and evaporative water loss in psoriasis with PUVA and dithranol treatment, Clinical Experimental Dermatology. 1993;18(1):21-4.
Soyland E, Funk J, Rajka G, Sandberg M, Thune P, Rustad L, Helland S, Middelfart K, Odu S, & Falk ES, Effect of dietary supplementation with very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids in patients with psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(25):1812-6.
Stern RS & Laid N, The carcinogenic risk of treatments for severe psoriasis. Cancer. 1994;73(11):2759-64.
Wong RL, Winslow CM, & Cooper KD, The mechanisms of action of cyclosporin A in the treatment of psoriasis, Immunology Today. 1993;14(2):69-74.
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